In short, it is an offence to transport any animal in a way which causes, or is likely to cause, injury or unnecessary suffering to that animal. They should be transported in conditions that are guaranteed not to cause injury. Animals must be able to move independently without pain and to walk unassisted.
A cow in shackles has a higher risk of falling during transport, and is likely to find it difficult to stand again. Additionally, the cow will have increased difficulty during loading and unloading due to the angle of the ramps into the vehicle.
Prior to transport, farmers are advised to seek veterinary advice if they are unsure if an animal is fit for the entirety of the journey.
For those who have not planned a Schedule 18 (fit for transport) certificate in a while, just a reminder that vets now need to see the animal the day prior to transport to certify the animal is fit for travel, and no sooner.
A reminder that in dire situations where transport is not viable, emergency slaughter (Schedule 19) on the day of injury is another option, given the correct coordination of the farmer with the vet and fallen stock collector.